CHAPTER 5 : INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Integrated Circuit (IC) electronic circuit with contained within single chip of silicon. In other explanation IC semiconductors wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors fabricated.

There are two kind of Integrated Circuit (IC) :

1. Linear/analog IC have continuously variable output (theoretically capable of attaining an infinite number of states) that depends on the input signal level. As the term implies, the output signal level is a linear function of the input signal level. Ideally, when the instantaneous output is graphed against the instantaneous input, the plot appears as a straight line. Linear ICs are used as audio freqiuency (AF) and radio-frequency (RF) amplifiers. The operational amplifier (op amp) is a common device in these applications.
   
2. Digital IC operate at only a few defined levels or states, rather than over a continuous range of signal amplitudes. These devices are used in computers, computer networks, modems, and frequency counters. The fundamental building blocks of digital ICs are logic gates, which work with binary data, that is, signals that have only two different states, called low (logic 0) and high (logic 1).
   

References :

Petruzella, D. Frank (1996). Industrial Electronics. New York : McGraw-Hill

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